Traction drive, auxiliary power unit apu, energy storage system, onboard diagnostics and vehicle control, and auxiliary equipment. Feb 25, 2015 series drivetrains are the simplest hybrid configuration. However, almost every hybrid vehicles gas mileage is less than 60 mpg 1. Jan 08, 2014 series hybrid cars use an engine to power a generator, which generates electricity to power a motor, which drives the wheels.
Performance evaluation of series hybrid and pure electric. How series hydraulic hybrid vehicles work in a regular vehicle, power is provided to the wheels by the engine through the transmission and drive shaft. The components of the series drivetrain include an electric motor, gasoline engine, computer controls, battery and generator. This paper is an attempt to look into the various factors affecting design of series hybrid electric vehicle on a typical drive. A comparative study of supervisory control strategies for. Hev, the ice propels an electric generator to produce electrical energy. Hybrid vehicles such as the citroen c3, honda civic ima, toyota prius, and lexus rx400h are readily available, and some of these vehicles have almost the same hybrid functions. A series on technology trends in passenger vehicles in the united states hybrid vehicles technology development and cost reduction john german summary this briefing paper is a technical summary for policy makers of the status of hybrid vehicle development in the united states. Architecture of hybrid and electric vehicles nptel. Although hev system architectures can greatly vary, the battery and its associated architecture will generally be dependent upon the type of hybrid vehicle, that is, whether the application is a series or a parallel hybrid configuration. Mathematicsbased modeling of a serieshybrid electric vehicle. Figure 2 shows the operating modes of a series parallel hybrid with pretransmission.
This thesis evaluates a series hybrid electric drivetrain design for use in parking patrol vehicles. Design simulation and construction of a series hybrid electric vehicle. In this paper, the serieshybrid form is studied due to simple architecture and advantages over other forms of hybrid. Control strategies for a seriesparallel hybrid electric. Pdf with the advancement in 21st century, there has been increase in usage of oil. In this paper, the series hybrid form is studied due to simple architecture and advantages over other forms of hybrid. These cars move closer to the fully electric vehicle side of the continuum, with the ability to go longer. The fisker karma was the first series hybrid production vehicle. In a series hybrid, only the electric motor directly. Nov 02, 2016 nissan epower series hybrid builds on electriccar expertise john voelcker november 2, 2016 comment now. According to hybrid center, the electric motor is charged by the battery pack or by the generator, which is powered by the gasoline engine. Here, the combustion engine drives an electric generator instead of directly driving the wheels.
Every series hybrid vehicle employs a generator, usually an induction or permanent magnet ac pmac motor coupled to the engine. During charge depleting mode, the genset is disabled, therefore the only source of energy is the life batteries which the dd45 inverter converts to the 3phase ac used to drive the uqm 125. The ice, the generator and the electric motor are dimensioned to handle the full power of the vehicle. Improving the fuel economy of vehicles has a crucial impact on oil. Series hybrid vehicle system design considerations parker. The plugin hybrid is the next logical step forward from the series hybrid system. This includes the formulations for the ice, nimh battery, power converter, vehicle dynamics, and tire model. The presence of the electric powertrain is intended to achieve either better fuel economy than a conventional vehicle or better performance. Because a series hybrid has no mechanical link between the ice and the wheels, the engine can run at a constant and efficient rate regardless of vehicle speed, achieving higher efficiency 37%, rather than the ice average of 20% and at low or mixed speeds this could result in 50% increase in overall efficiency 19% vs 29%.
It can satisfy the demands of load recurring high starting, accelerating and retarding torques. Control strategies for a seriesparallel hybrid electric vehicle. Procedure for the design of a hybridseries vehicle and the. The first book on electric and hybrid vehicles endorsed by the imi starts with an introduction to the market, covering the different types of electric vehicle, costs and emissions, and the charging infrastructure, before moving on to explain how hybrid and electric vehicles work. The gradual decline of oil reserves and the increasing demand for energy have resulted in automotive manufacturers developing new environmentally friendly vehicles such as electric and hybrid vehicles. One of the first steps in this strategy was the introduction of the hybrid electric vehicle hev, which possesses the advantages of both conventional and electric vehicles evs 1, 2. The toyota hybrid system relies on the voltage of the battery packbetween 276 and 288 v. Graf, alfons, the new automotive 42v powernet becomes reality. Hybrid vehicles international council on clean transportation. Series hybrid cars can run with the engine on, using stored energy in.
Use of plugin hybrid electric vehicles phevs allows the limited use of. This paper represents the development of a model of series hybrid vehicle with a power generator as its auxiliary power unit apu. The motor receives electric power from either the battery pack or from a generator run by a gasoline engine. In chapter 5, the basic concept of hybrid traction is established. Due to these reasons automobile companies have started doing research for. The ice, the generator and the electric motor are dimensioned to handle. The developed control strategy has been implemented in a vehicle simulation and in the test vehicle. Various configurations of hevs are discussed, such as series hybrid, parallel hybrid, torquecoupling and speedcoupling hybrids, and. Both sales of hybrid vehicles and the number of hybrid. Hybrid electric vehicle hev is a type of hybrid vehicle and electric vehicle which combines a conventional internal combustion engine ice propulsion system with an electric propulsion system. Vehicles of this type include the audi 100 duo ii and subaru viziv concept cars, the psa group vehicles peugeot 3008, peugeot 508, 508 rxh, citroen ds5 all using the hybrid4 system, the volvo v60 plugin hybrid, the bmw 2 series active tourer, bmw i8, and the second generation honda nsx.
As told earlier hybrid cars have a much more initial expense than the ordinary ones. Download modern electric, hybrid electric, and fuel cell vehicles. Hybrid electric vehicles for sustainable transportation. The control strategy leads to a series hybrid vehicle behavior at low speeds and parallel hybrid vehicle behavior at highway speeds. Pdf most of the gains in worldwide oil use occur in the transportation sector. When compared to the parallel hybrid design, series hybrid systems achieve better fuel efficiency and emission reductions. Basic elements of the series hybrid vehicle lou lambruschi. Section 2 details the components used in the hev model. A fuel cell hybrid electric always has a series configuration. A comprehensive overview of hybrid electric vehicles. A hybrid vehicle uses multiple propulsion systems to. The reason is that large vehicles have enough space for the bulky engine generator system. In a regular vehicle, power is provided to the wheels by the engine through the transmission and drive shaft. Hybrid electric vehicle, simulation, performance comparison abstract the aim of this study is to compare the energy consumption and performance criteria of conventional vehicle with series hybrid vehicle and parallel hybrid vehicle those contain different traction systems.
Due to the particular attributes of this application, it is proposed. Preliminary design, simulation and modeling of a series. Series hybrid configurations already exist a long time. It is indeed a very tricky task to select a hybrid car that suits all your requirements. The powers from electric motor and ice are pooled together with the help of mechanical coupling. In a series hybrid, the electric motor is the only means of providing power to the wheels. The smallest series hybrid vehicle in the world is a powernet compatible, fully electronical, chainless cycle. Because a serieshybrid has no mechanical link between the ice and the wheels, the engine can run at a constant and efficient rate regardless of vehicle speed, achieving higher efficiency 37%, rather than the ice average of 20% and at low or mixed speeds this could. A hybrid electric vehicle hev is a type of hybrid vehicle that combines a conventional internal combustion engine ice system with an electric propulsion system hybrid vehicle drivetrain.
In a series hhv, the engine is not directly connected to the wheels. Pdf design of series hybrid electric vehicles researchgate. Hybrid synergy drive mechanism the original prius used shrinkwrapped 1. From figure 3a, we can see that the series hev is composed of ice, generator, power converter, motor, and battery. On the other hand, the series hybrid vehicle without the supercapacitors had maximum fuel consumption at 25. There are certain basic parameters that you must look out for while buying a hybrid car.
Structures of a fuel cell hybrid electric vehicle weaknesses of series hybrid vehicles. A computer determines how much of the power comes from the battery or the enginegenerator. The first book on electric and hybrid vehicles endorsed by the imi starts with an introduction to the market, covering the different. These functions include engine off during vehicle standstill startstop function, brake energy recuperation ber, motorassisting, charging during driving, and pure electric driving. A series on technology trends in passenger vehicles in the united states hybrid. Review of series parallel hybrid electric vehicle using pi. In order to design a hybrid electric vehicle system with higher gas mileage and loweremission, especially for urban driving, we decided to adopt a plugin hybrid electric vehicle with a series powertrain configuration or series plugin hybrid electric vehicle phev. Parallel hybrid vehicles tend to be mechanically complex, requiring a larger combustion engine, a transmission, and a mechanism to couple both motors to the drive wheels. Program ampvehicle orcompanyvehicle, whicheveris earlier.
The newly released honda accord hybrid scores a noteworthy 50 mpg around town according to the epa. When describing cars, the battery of a series hybrid is usually charged by being plugged in but a series hybrid may also allow for a battery to only act as a buffer and for regeneration purposes, and for the electric motors power to be supplied constantly by a supporting engine. The generator both charges a battery and powers an electric motor that moves the vehicle. Warrantyperiod the warrantyperiod is 48 months or 50,000 miles, whicheveroccursfirst, exceptas noted below. Design principle of series hybrid electric drive train. The smallest serieshybrid vehicle in the world is a powernet compatible, fully electronical, chainless cycle. Modern electric, hybrid electric, and fuel cell vehicles. The gasoline engine in a series hybrid is not coupled to the wheels and does not. Less fuel than traditional counterparts and without recharging. Pdf parameter matching and optimization of a series. A dc machine is also easily adaptable for drives with a wide range of speed control and fast reversals. Fundamentals, theory, and design, second edition power electronics and applications series by mehrdad ehsani, yimin gao, ali emad in free pdf format. Structure of a series hybrid vehicle below with flywheel or ultracaps as peak power unit series hybrids can be assisted by ultracaps or a flywheel.
Modelling and analysis of plugin seriesparallel hybrid. Our vehicle is using a serieshybrid architecture, meaning the engine only recharges the batteries and doesnt directly provide power to the wheels. The term most commonly refers to hybrid electric vehicles hevs, which combine an internal combustion engine and one or more electric motors. Simulation using the model helps to provide an understanding of the interaction and flow of power. What are the advantages and disadvantages of series hybrid. A hybrid vehicle uses multiple propulsion systems to provide motive power. Hev types center for advanced automotive technology. There is no mechanical connection between ice and transmission, thus ice can operate at maximum efficient point by regulating the output power of battery to satisfy the required power of vehicle. An advantage of a series hybrid is that the engine operates at its maximum efficiency points thanks to the buffering of excess power. The volt is the lone exception in one respect, in that it is closer to a pure ev, operates mostly as a series hybrid, but in chargesustaining mode when its battery is depleted and only. A series hybrid is like a battery electric vehicle bev in design. Nissan epower series hybrid builds on electriccar expertise. Rev s do not need to be plugged into an external source as all recharging is. There is a variety of hev types, and the degree to which each.
Due to the particular attributes of this application, it is proposed that the design would improve the energy efficiency of such a vehicle. Thats nearly the fuel efficiency of the popular toyota prius hybridbut in a larger car with sedan styling. A hybrid vehicle is a vehicle that uses two or more distinct power sources to move the vehicle. Series hybrid vehicle system design considerations. The hybrid vehicles may be classified into series hybrid, parallel hybrid.
Fundamentals, theory, and design, second edition power electronics and applications series by mehrdad ehsani, yimin gao, ali emad in free pdf. A comparative study of supervisory control strategies for a. The hybrid version of lexuss mostpopular vehicle is an economical haveitall crossover. This morning, in japan, nissan unveiled what its lineup has long been missing. With the advancement in 21st century, there has been increase in usage of oil and gas leading to problems like global warming, climate change, shortage of crude oil, etc.
How series hydraulic hybrid vehicles work clean automotive. Dc series motor used in hybrid electric vehicle is a versatile and flexible machine. Pdf parameter matching and optimization of a series hybrid. Design simulation and construction of a series hybrid. Simulation and experimental results are presented and discussed. In the series hybrid vehicle model, the fuel consumption with supercapacitors started to consume at a later time and the maximum fuel consumption is at 8. However, what really stands out is the technology that lets this car achieve such a high fu.